En este trabajo confrontamos la posición de Bulygin acerca de las normas con la del escéptico semántico y la del incorporacionista. entendemos a ambas figuras como expresiones -matizadas- de dos enfoques generales respecto del comportamiento en base a reglas: a) el que no ve en este más que "decisiones arbitrarias", meras reacciones o hábitos de conducta, y b) el que asimila la explicación de lo normativo con el ajuste a reglas o principios. Ahora bien, la noción general de Bulygin que (...) concibe a las normas como proposiciones o entidades conceptuales, parece -paradójicamente- rozar el escepticismo cuando se enfrenta a la imposibilidad de listar en forma completa las excepciones implícitas en la formulación de una regla. Proponemos una concepción alternativa basada en la noción de que el significado se muestra en el "uso", entendido este como el dominio de una técnica que constituye una "práctica social", en la cual reside un tipo de corrección práctica que no depende de justificaciones explícitas, sino de un trasfondo no expreso que hace irreductible a una teoría la aplicación de normas jurídicas. We contrast Bulygin's position on rules against that of the semantic skeptic and the inclusionist. We understand these two positions as in some sense expressing two general approaches on behavior according to rules: a) the first one stating that ruled behavior is no more than "arbitrary decisions," mere reactions or behavioral habits, and b) the second one explaining everything normative as actions adjusted to rules or principles. Bulygin's general notion according to which rules are propositions or conceptual entities paradoxically seems to be close to a skeptic position when facing the impossibility of completely listing implicit exceptions when formulating a rule. We propose an alternative conception based on the notion that meaning is shown in use, understanding by "use" the mastering of a technique that constitutes a social practice, in which resides a sort of correction practice. This correction does not depend on explicit justifications but on an unexpressed background which makes impossible a theory of legal application of rules. (shrink)

To adequately model mathematical arguments the analyst must be able to represent the mathematical objects under discussion and the relationships between them, as well as inferences drawn about these objects and relationships as the discourse unfolds. We introduce a framework with these properties, which has been used to analyse mathematical dialogues and expository texts. The framework can recover salient elements of discourse at, and within, the sentence level, as well as the way mathematical content connects to form larger argumentative structures. (...) We show how the framework might be used to support computational reasoning, and argue that it provides a more natural way to examine the process of proving theorems than do Lamport’s structured proofs. (shrink)

In Brazil, abortion is only allowed in cases of rape, serious risk to a woman's life or fetal anecephaly. Legal abortion services cover less than 4% of the Brazilian territory and only 1,800 procedures are performed, in average, per year. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, almost half of the already few Brazilian abortion clinics shut down and women had to travel even longer distances, reaching abortion services at later gestational ages. In this paper, we describe three bottom‐up advocacy strategies that emerged (...) from difficulties deepened during the COVID‐19 pandemic at a single abortion service in Brazil, amidst anti‐gender policies from the federal government. Telemedicine abortion, outpatient surgical abortion and the provision of abortion after 20 weeks' gestation are important strategies that may reduce inequalities that impact the most vulnerable populations, such as black and indigenous women, children, adolescents and women experiencing domestic violence. (shrink)

Este repertorio registra los artículos sobre Platón que se encuentran en la Hemeroteca de la Biblioteca Central de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. El listado abarca las publicaciones existentes hasta el primer semestre del año 2000.

Este repertorio registra información de Husserl en la Internet, una breve historia sobre los Nachlaß, el índice de la Husserliana, un listado de las publicaciones de y sobre Husserl disponibles en la Biblioteca Central de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, y los artículos sobre Husserl que se encuentran en la Hemeroteca. El listado abarca las publicaciones existentes hasta el año 1997.

Yarkoni's analysis clearly articulates a number of concerns limiting the generalizability and explanatory power of psychological findings, many of which are compounded in infancy research. ManyBabies addresses these concerns via a radically collaborative, large-scale and open approach to research that is grounded in theory-building, committed to diversification, and focused on understanding sources of variation.

Buber ricorda l’amico Gustav Landauer, il rivoluzionario tedesco di origini ebree assassinato a Monaco nel 1919. Landauer incitava alla lotta contro lo Stato, i partiti e il capitalismo perché sosteneva un’idea di trasformazione radicale della società, fondata su uno spirito nuovo, comunitario, che non avrebbe modificato solo le forme esteriori di dominio, ma gli stessi rapporti tra gli uomini. I suoi discorsi non riuscirono tuttavia a catturare le masse. Landauer decise di partecipare alla rivoluzione tedesca non per realizzare la propria (...) idea ma per tentare di contenere i rischi, propri di ogni rivoluzione, di venire fagocitata dal meccanismo dei partiti e di autodistruggersi attraverso l’uso della violenza. Buber giudica inoltre un errore la sua scelta politica di prender parte al governo dei Consigli, perché lo costrinse ad accettare compromessi e a mettere da parte la sua idea di trasformazione. E tuttavia Buber lo celebra come un martire che accettò consapevolmente di sacrificarsi.Buber remembers his friend Gustav Landauer, the german revolutionar of hebrew origins, who was murdered in 1919 in Munich. Landauer incited to rebellion against State, party and capitalism because he supported an idea of radical transformation of the society, founded on a new, communitary spirit able to change not only extern dominations form, but human relations too. But Landauer’s speeches were not able to convince the masses. According to Buber, Landauer decided to take part to the german revolution not for realizing his own ideas, but only to reduce the inner risks of every revolution of being absorbed by partitic mechanism and collapse under his own violence. Secondly, Buber means that Landauer’s politic choice to take part to the government of the Councils was a failure, because he had to come to compromises and give up his idea of transformation. Neverthless Buber celebrates him as a martyr who consciously accepted his sacrifice. (shrink)

The present article seeks to provide an overview of the general characteristics of the cultural and scientific climate in the Duchy of Urbino. Three of the Duchy’s milieus seem to have been particularly important for scholars who were engaged in the study of mathematics: the so-called “School of Urbino”, the environment of the court, and the world of the technicians and engineers. While the Urbino School has already been the object of previous studies, the other two milieus and their effect (...) on the mathematicians’ work have been rather neglected and are, consequently, addressed here. The paper’s final section presents some documents that attest the importance of Renaissance scholars’ interaction with these environments to their actual scientific activity, taking the case of Guidobaldo dal Monte as an example. (shrink)

En una aproximación cualitativa y una perspectiva analítica performativa relevamos la presencia de lenguajes musicales diversos en la educación intercultural, teniendo como caso de estudio a educadores tradicionales mapuches que incorporan dispositivos curriculares en escuelas con programas de educación intercultural bilingüe, localizadas en la ciudad de Puerto Montt. Nuestras reflexiones principales apuntan al relevamiento de estrategias etnomusicales descolonizadoras puestas en juego en el aula, en las que se evidencia la ampliación de repertorio musical en la noción tradicional del canto mapuche (...) que manifiestan los docentes. Para los y las docentes entrevistados, esta noción se abre para incluir, entre otros, algunos epewkantun, además de canciones con funciones didácticas y canciones winka, estas últimas en la forma de re-mixtura de expresiones musicales urbanas. Estas nuevas prácticas musicales apuntan a favorecer la reafirmación étnica de sus estudiantes, desde un posicionamiento de identidad mapuche urbana, en ruptura con la noción esencialista de cultura. Estas transiciones curriculares estarían constituyendo un nuevo escenario en las prácticas musicales dentro del aula intercultural, caracterizadas de manera tradicional por la incorporación de canciones políticamente ingenuas. From a qualitative approach and a performative analytical perspective, we surveyed the presence of various musical languages, taking as case of study the traditional Mapuche educators who incorporate curricular devices in schools with bilingual education programs, in Puerto Montt, Chile. Our main reflections point to survey decolonization strategies applied in the classroom, which appeal to the growth of musical repertoire extending the traditional notion of the Mapuche song. For traditional teachers, this new notion includes some epewkantun, besides songs with didactic functions, and winka songs. These new musical practices aim at favoring the ethnic reaffirmation of students from a disruptive paradigm with the essentialist notion of culture. These curricular transitions create a new framework in the musical practices in the intercultural education, characterized by the incorporation of “politically naive” songs. (shrink)

Martin Wrights original ground-breaking and influential analysis of the defects of the adversarial system of justice, plus the arguments in favour of a more ...

Heidegger in America explores the surprising legacy of his life and thought in the United States of America. As a critic of modern life, Heidegger often lamented the growing global influence of all things American. However, it was precisely in America where his thought inspired the work of generations of thinkers – not only philosophers but also theologians, architects, novelists, and even pundits. As a result, the reception and dissemination of Heidegger's philosophical writings transformed the intellectual and cultural history of (...) the United States at a time when American influence was itself transforming the world. A case study in the complex and sometimes contradictory process of transnational exchange, Heidegger in America recasts the scope and methods of contemporary intellectual and cultural history in the age of globalization, challenging what we think we know about Heidegger and American ideas simultaneously. (shrink)

In this paper I compare Alexander of Aphrodisias’ and Proclus’ conceptions of dialectic by discussing a passage from Alexander’s commentary on Aristotle’s Topics and texts from Proclus’ Platonic Theology and commentary on Plato’s Parmenides. I show how Alexander takes up Aristotle’s view of dialectic as an argumentative technique that has no specific object but can be put in the service of philosophy e. g. to establish first principles. In a key passage, Alexander quotes some lines from the Parmenides to emphasize (...) that this was also Plato’s view on dialectic. By contrast, Proclus uses the Parmenides as a crucial source for his conception of dialectic as the crowning glory of philosophy, and fiercely criticizes such interpretations of the Parmenides as that of Alexander, which reduce it to the illustration of a logical method. I argue that the difference in their conceptions of dialectic lies in Alexander’s positive and Proclus’ negative view on doxa and on its role in knowledge. (shrink)

In this lively collection ten philosophers tackle the notoriously elusive issues raised by religious discourse in a series of linked debates. The debates focus on reason and faith; the logic of mysticism; the meaning of the word 'God'; language, biblical interpretation and worship; and religion and ethics. Through contemporary philosophical analysis it is possible to shed new light on teh status and language of religion, and in many ways the contributors to Religion and Philosophy break new ground in this perennially (...) controversial field. The collection is addressed to philosophers, theologians and anyone with a general intellectual interest in religion. Certainly it will be a valuable addition to the reading list of all teachers or students of the philosophy of religion. (shrink)

El objetivo de esta reseña es presentar un libro que reflexiona acerca de los procesos históricos de constitución de la identidad masculina y femenina, buscando explicaciones posibles para la desigualdad de género y la dominación sexista que se ha evidenciado a lo largo de la historia y en distintas sociedades.

In this review, we present some ethical imperatives observed in this pandemic from a data ethics perspective. Our exposition connects recurrent ethical problems in the discipline, such as, privacy, surveillance, transparency, accountability, and trust, to broader societal concerns about equality, discrimination, and justice. We acknowledge data ethics role as significant to develop technological, inclusive, and pluralist societies. - - - Resumen: En esta revisión, exponemos algunos de los imperativos éticos observados desde la ética de datos en esta pandemia. Nuestra exposición (...) busca conectar problemas éticos típicos dentro de esta disciplina, a saber, privacidad, vigilancia, transparencia, responsabilidad y confianza, con preocupaciones a nivel social relacionadas con la igualdad, discrimi nación y justicia. Consideramos que la ética de datos tiene un rol significativo para desarrollar sociedades tecnificadas, inclusivas y pluralistas. (shrink)

Al centro dell'attenzione degli studiosi nell'ultimo ventennio per l'importanza della testimonianza storica, per il carattere peculiare delle strutture compositive, per varie sfaccettature dell'impostazione ideologica, l'opera di Michele Attaliata non disponeva di un'analisi complessiva né tantomeno di un'edizione critica condotta sulla base degli attuali criteri ecdotici e di una traduzione in una lingua moderna. Lacuna avvertita dai bizantinisti con maggiore evidenza, dal momento che per gli altri storici di primo piano dell'XI secolo, da Michele Psello a Giovanni Scilitza, ci si avvale (...) di strumenti critici agguerriti. Lacuna colmata dal poderoso lavoro di I. Pérez Martín che si presenta come un'edizione dell' Ἱστοϱία di Attaliata, corredata da traduzione in spagnolo, commento, bibliografia, indici, tavole e preceduta da un'ampia introduzione. (shrink)

Empirical research in bioethics has developed rapidly over the past decade, but has largely eschewed the use of technology-driven methodologies. We propose “design bioethics” as an area of conjoined theoretical and methodological innovation in the field, working across bioethics, health sciences and human-centred technological design. We demonstrate the potential of digital tools, particularly purpose-built digital games, to align with theoretical frameworks in bioethics for empirical research, integrating context, narrative and embodiment in moral decision-making. Purpose-built digital tools can engender situated engagement (...) with bioethical questions; can achieve such engagement at scale; and can access groups traditionally under-represented in bioethics research and theory. If developed and used with appropriate rigor, tools motivated by “design bioethics” could offer unique insights into new and familiar normative and empirical issues in the field. (shrink)

Although a great deal has been written on Plato's ethics, his cosmology has not received so much attention in recent times and its importance for his ethical thought has remained underexplored. By offering accounts of Timaeus, Philebus, Politicus and Laws X, the book reveals a strongly symbiotic relation between the cosmic and human sphere. It is argued that in his late period Plato presents a picture of an organic universe, endowed with structure and intrinsic value, which both urges our respect (...) and calls for our responsible intervention. Humans are thus seen as citizens of a university that can provide a context for their flourishing even in the absence of good political institutions. The book sheds light on many intricate metaphysical issues in late Plato and brings out the close connections between his cosmology and the development of his ethics. (shrink)

The discussion of collective agency involves the reduction problem of the concept of a collective. Individualism and Cartesian internalism have long restricted orthodox theories and made them face the tension between an irreducible concept of a collective and ontological reductionism. Heterodox theories as functionalism and interpretationism reinterpret the concept of agency and accept it as realized on the level of a collective. In order to adequately explain social phenomena that have relations as their essence, in this paper we propose a (...) relational, holistic account of collective agency and argue that functionalism and interpretationism can be integrated into such an account. (shrink)

In the last 2 decades, the literature has documented the upsurge of community-driven processes of consumer-producer cooperation, which are alternative to the dominant food system. These organizational arrangements have been conceptualized differently, witnessing the growing importance of local communities in generating place-based solutions to the demand for organic, local, and sustainable food. Relying on a practice theory approach, this article delves into two key inquiries: first, what motivates individuals to become part of Civic Food Networks (CFNs) and how does this (...) influence the variety of food entering their households? And second, how does participation in a CFN impact people’s daily food practices, with a particular focus on diet diversification? We employ the term “civic food networks (CFN)” to underscore the significance of grassroots initiatives in the broader context of local food policies. This term also highlights the connections to other movements known for their potential for transformation, such as the solidarity economy, transition towns, and de-growth movements. Our analysis draws on a comprehensive qualitative approach, which includes participant observation, in-depth interviews, and a focus group involving members of the CSA _Naturalmente in Trentino_, situated in the North-Eastern part of Italy. The findings reveal that altering dietary habits poses various challenges both at the individual and institutional levels. This process involves the stabilization of ingrained habits, adjustments to daily routines, and the reinforcement of shared norms. Furthermore, it underscores the critical role of food policies in promoting sustainable eating practices. (shrink)

S’il n’y a pas de théorie du goût chez Rousseau, la question du goût traverse néanmoins toute son œuvre. Elle apparaît d’abord comme une critique adressée à la société mondaine, puis fait place, dans les écrits de la maturité, à une analyse des conditions sociales du bon goût général. En dépit de la terminologie classique de ses textes, ceux-ci développent en fait une conception sui generis du goût. Rousseau ne se réfère pas à un ordre de perfection pour expliquer et (...) fonder le bon goût. Le goût est selon lui un phénomène collectif qui manifeste l’état des affections sociales. Le goût tant social qu’individuel est dit « bon » lorsque le jugement sur ce qui plaît ou ce qui déplaît n’est pas soumis à l’opinion. L’autonomie du goût et le bon goût se confondent, la volupté et l’égalité relative en sont alors les conditions. (shrink)

En el siguiente artículo se analiza "Hopeful Monsters or, The Unfulfilled Figure in Hayden White´s Conceptual System", donde Kellner demuestra que la teoría de la figuralidad está latente desde el inicio de la teoría de Hayden White. Además, aplica el análisis figural a la propia obra de White afirmando que la teoría de los tropos será cumplimentada por el emplotment que, a su vez, será cumplimentado por el figuralismo. Luego se sigue el desarrollo de Kellner que muestra que en los (...) pasajes de White hay dos usos diferentes del concepto de unfulfillment: una noción de incumplimiento como figura que no llegó a su máxima potencia y una noción de incumplimiento como lo sublime indecible. Se examina específicamente la cuestión judía, asumiendo la misma como una figura incumplida y se rescatan las contribuciones del romanticismo y del iluminismo a su cumplimentación. Por último, se realizan algunas críticas a la insistencia de Kellner en el papel post teológico del figuralismo y al lugar del incumplimiento ligado a lo sublime como trascendiendo lo histórico. ARK: ark:/s18537960/eimr/sd31. (shrink)

This work pretends to visualize the importance of the role that in the emergency, consolidation and expansion of the phenomenon of pathological view and over medication of the present childhood and adolescence seem to perform today certain types of criteria on which to base the undertaking of learning problems we are today faced with by children and teenagers in the classroom. To get this aim, we refer to re educated psycho educational practises, from which the cognitive-conductual views are questioned where (...) they supported on, and different interventionist typed are proposed from the clinical psycho pedagogical and psycho educational approach. With the aim of contribute to lectures from this area start to occupy a central place in the schedule developed on these subjects, considering that, frequently, they are postponed and relegated to the educational area, as if it had no connection with “the clinical” and the impact they have in the processes of establishing the subjectivity. (shrink)

Este trabajo examina los orígenes de la teoría constitucional en el pensamiento griego antiguo. Como no todo los registros encuadran en esa escueta agenda, el trabajo reformula la cuestión considerando en primer lugar el rol de los precedentes históricos y la variedad de posiciones que cabe desagreg..

Patentowanie ludzkich genów jest zjawiskiem, które w obecnych czasach nabrało intensywności i znaczenia. Jest jedną z kluczowych form zabezpieczania praw własności przemysłowej, zwłaszcza dla ośrodków badawczych i koncernów farmaceutycznych. Ze względu na naturę produktu podlegającego opatentowaniu, pomysł patentowania genów budzi wiele kontrowersji i rodzi spory na różnych płaszczyznach. Celem artykułu jest naszkicowanie ram prawnych dla tego zjawiska (m.in. porównanie regulacji europejskich i amerykańskich) oraz krytyczne omówienie argumentów przemawiających zarówno w obronie tej procedury, jak i przeciwko niej, wysuwane z różnych perspektyw: (...) prawnej (kwestia posiadania przez geny tzw. zdolności patentowej, kontrowersje związane z prawem własności do ludzkiego ciała), społeczno-ekonomicznej (wpływ zjawiska na rozwój badań naukowych oraz na ceny leków i dostępność różnych terapii) oraz etycznej (omówionej na podstawie wybranych kazusów). Artykuł zarysowuje również kilka propozycji rozwiązań praktycznych, które mają usuwać przynajmniej niektóre kontrowersje związane z patentowaniem genów. (shrink)